Tmarus

Simon, 1875

Octopus Spiders

Tmarus is a large of crab ( Thomisidae) established by Eugène Simon in 1875, with more than 230 described distributed across all continents except Antarctica. These small to moderate-sized spiders (3.7–7.3 mm body length) are characterized by cryptic bark-like coloration and ambush predatory . The genus exhibits , with females typically larger than males.

Tmarus minutus by no rights reserved, uploaded by Lyn Roueche. Used under a CC0 license.Tmarus minutus by no rights reserved, uploaded by Lyn Roueche. Used under a CC0 license.Tmarus minutus by no rights reserved, uploaded by Lyn Roueche. Used under a CC0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Tmarus: /ˈtma.rus/

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Identification

Distinguished from the closely related Monaeses by the position of the (PME), which are situated nearer to each other than to the () in Tmarus. The combination of cryptic bark-like coloration, , elevated ocular area with lateral eyes on , and spinous legs with legs I and II longer than III and IV supports identification.

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Habitat

Vegetation in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions; specifically found on bark and leaves where cryptic coloration provides . Some associated with thorny or spiny vegetation. In China, collected from primary forest by beating vegetation at elevations of 755–1060 meters.

Distribution

Worldwide distribution across all continents except Antarctica. Highest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions. Specific documented localities include: Guizhou Province (Mt. Fanjing, Mt. Foding), Hunan Province (Yuelu Mountains, Wuling Mountains), Hubei Province, and Chongqing City in China; Colombia; Vermont, United States.

Behavior

Hunts by ambush rather than building webs. Foraging has been observed in collected specimens.

Ecological Role

Part of foliage-dwelling ; contributes to in forest and vegetation .

Similar Taxa

  • MonaesesClosely related distinguished by arrangement: in Monaeses, are not situated nearer to each other than to , unlike Tmarus.

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