Mediterranean Recluse
Loxosceles rufescens
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Chelicerata
- Class: Arachnida
- Order: Araneae
- Infraorder: Araneomorphae
- Family: Sicariidae
- Genus: Loxosceles
- Species: rufescens
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Loxosceles rufescens: /lɒkˈsɒsəliːz rʊˈfɛsɛnz/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Images
Summary
Loxosceles rufescens, the Mediterranean recluse, is an invasive spider species originating from the Mediterranean region. It is a nocturnal hunter known for its ability to produce necrotic bites similar to other Loxosceles species. Despite its potential risks, it prefers to dwell in dark, secluded places, making it a challenge to control in human habitats.
Physical Characteristics
Medium-sized spiders distinguished by three pairs of two eyes organized in a triangle shape and a violin-shaped pattern on their cephalothorax. Males and females grow to approximately 7-7.5 mm in length.
Identification Tips
Similar in appearance to Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse). Look for the triangle arrangement of the eyes and violin-shaped cephalothorax.
Habitat
Typically found in caves, basements, and tunnels; prefers warm temperatures and dry environments.
Distribution
Native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia, including parts of Europe and Northern Africa. Global distribution due to human travel; present in over 20 U.S. states, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Australia, and various islands in the Atlantic and Pacific.
Diet
Hunts insects, primarily targeting smaller species like silverfish and cockroaches.
Life Cycle
Egg sacs contain approximately 40 eggs that hatch in a few weeks, with young spiders molting as they grow and having a ghostly appearance during molts.
Reproduction
Females produce egg sacs sheltering young spiders; they typically live from one to three years.
Ecosystem Role
Active hunters that play a role in controlling populations of smaller insects.
Economic Impact
Potential pest in human dwellings due to its invasive nature; contributes to challenges in pest control efforts.
Health Concerns
Bites can cause necrosis and systemic damage in some cases due to the enzyme sphingomyelinase D. Most bites are medically insignificant, but can lead to significant pain and other serious reactions in rarer cases.
Similar Taxa
Misconceptions
Bites from L. rufescens do not typically produce the severe reactions associated with L. reclusa; however, they still pose health risks.
Tags
- invasive species
- medically significant arachnids
- necrotic spiders