Follicle mites

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Demodex: //ˌdɛməˈdɛks//

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Summary

Demodex is a genus of tiny mites commonly found living in or near the hair follicles of mammals, particularly humans. While usually harmless, increased populations in certain conditions can lead to skin issues, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Physical Characteristics

Adults 0.3 to 0.4 mm long; body cigar-shaped, without setae; legs short and stumpy, without setae; palpi closely appressed to rostrum, chelicerae needle-like; body worm-like with annulations; semitransparent, elongated body consisting of two fused parts; covered with scales for anchoring in hair follicle; pin-like mouthparts for eating skin cells and oils.

Identification Tips

Females are larger and rounder than males. Eight short, segmented legs; body structure with distinct scales and mouthparts.

Habitat

Associated with mammalian hair follicles, primarily on the face near the nose, eyelashes, and eyebrows, but also elsewhere on the body.

Distribution

Commonly found on humans and various mammals worldwide; specific species are host-specific.

Diet

Sebum, oils, and skin cells associated with hair follicles.

Life Cycle

Eggs are laid inside hair follicles or sebaceous glands; six-legged larvae hatch after 3–4 days and develop into adults in about 7 days, with a total lifespan of several weeks.

Reproduction

Internal fertilization occurs in the follicle opening; females lay eggs in hair follicles or sebaceous glands.

Ecosystem Role

Demodex mites are part of the normal fauna on mammalian skin and have a commensal relationship with their hosts.

Cultural Significance

Demodex mites are often referred to as eyelash mites or face mites, and their presence is commonly acknowledged in discussions about skin health.

Health Concerns

In some cases, particularly in immune-suppressed hosts, mite populations can increase leading to inflammation and itch; can cause folliculitis or blepharitis in humans.

Evolution

Demodex is derived from Greek, indicating a relationship with fat and woodworm; the genus contains approximately 65 known species, with two associated with humans.

Similar Taxa

• D. folliculorum
• D. brevis
• D. canis

Misconceptions

Demodex mites are often misunderstood as harmful, although they typically coexist with healthy hosts without causing symptoms.

Tags

• Demodex
• mites
• follicle mites
• eyelash mites
• skin mites
• D. folliculorum
• D. brevis
• D. canis