Stink bugs

Definition

Common name for insects in the family Pentatomidae (Hemiptera), characterized by a large triangular scutellum that often covers most of the abdomen, giving a shield-shaped appearance. These true bugs produce defensive secretions from thoracic glands containing aldehydes and esters that repel predators, hence the name. Most species are phytophagous, feeding on plant sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts, though some are predatory on other insects. The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) and green stink bug (Chinavia hilaris) are economically significant agricultural pests in North America. The term is occasionally applied more broadly to related families such as Acanthosomatidae (also called shield bugs).

Etymology

From the pungent defensive secretions released when disturbed

Example

Brown marmorated stink bugs (Halyomorpha halys) aggregate in buildings during autumn and have become a major pest of tree fruits, vegetables, and row crops across the eastern United States since their introduction from Asia in the 1990s.

Synonyms

• Shield bugs

Related Terms

• Pentatomidae
• Hemiptera
• true bugs
• scutellum
• defensive secretion
• Halyomorpha halys
• Chinavia hilaris
• phytophagous
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts

Usage Notes

In strict entomological usage, 'stink bug' refers specifically to Pentatomidae, while 'shield bug' encompasses both Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae. Regional usage varies: British English tends toward 'shield bug' for the group, while American English favors 'stink bug.' The term should not be confused with 'stink beetles' (Eleodes, Tenebrionidae), which are Coleoptera with entirely different defensive chemistry (quinones).