Coppers

Definition

A vernacular collective term for butterflies in the subfamily Lycaeninae (family Lycaenidae), referring to species with orange, copper, or bronze dorsal wing coloration. The name alludes to the metallic sheen of the upper wing surfaces in many species, particularly males.

Etymology

From the reddish-brown metallic color of copper metal, applied descriptively to these butterflies based on wing pigmentation.

Example

The American copper (Lycaena phlaeas) and the small copper are widespread 'coppers' found in open habitats across the Northern Hemisphere, where larvae typically feed on sorrel and dock plants (Rumex spp.).

Synonyms

• Lycaeninae (subfamily name)

Related Terms

• Lycaenidae
• Lycaeninae
• blues
• Hairstreaks
• metalmarks
• Brush-footed butterflies

Usage Notes

Used informally in field guides and popular entomology; specialists prefer the subfamily name Lycaeninae. Not to be confused with 'blues' (Polyommatinae) or 'hairstreaks' (Theclinae), though all three subfamilies belong to Lycaenidae. The term emphasizes coloration rather than phylogenetic grouping, and some species with coppery wings may belong to other groups.