Tettigoniidae

Common Name

Bush crickets, katydids

Overview

Tettigoniidae, commonly referred to as bush crickets or katydids, is a family of orthopteran insects known for their cricket-like appearance and nocturnal habits. They are distributed worldwide, with the greatest diversity found in tropical regions.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Long antennae, often longer than their body
  • Large hind legs adapted for jumping
  • Wings typically held roof-like over the body
  • Stridulation (sound production) via rubbing body parts together
  • Plant-mimicking coloration and morphology

Life Cycle

  • Egg : Females typically lay eggs in soil, plant tissue, or bark.
  • Nymph : Hatch as wingless nymphs, resembling miniature adults. Undergo several molts.
  • Adult : Winged stage, capable of reproduction and vocalization. Lifespan varies by species and environmental factors.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Predominantly nocturnal
  • Herbivorous or omnivorous; some species are predatory
  • Utilize camouflage for predator avoidance
  • Acoustic communication plays a key role in mate attraction
  • Many species exhibit sexual dimorphism

Notable Species

  • Scudderia furcata : Fork-tailed bush katydid, common in North America
  • Phyllophorina kempfi : Notable for its large size and leaf-like appearance
  • Tettigonia viridissima : Large green bush cricket found in Europe

Conservation

  • Habitat loss and pesticide use pose threats to various species
  • Some species have specific conservation status depending on regional assessments
  • Protective measures include habitat preservation and minimizing chemical use in agriculture

Significance to Humans

  • Models for bioacoustics research
  • Indicators of environmental health and biodiversity
  • Sometimes considered pests due to their feeding on agricultural crops

Fun Facts

  • Some katydids can "hear" using their legs, which have specialized auditory organs.
  • The name "katydid" comes from the perceived sound of their calls to human ears.
  • Certain tropical species mimic leaves so well that they even appear to have bite marks!