Tettigarctidae

Common Name

Hairy Cicadas

Overview

Tettigarctidae, also known as the hairy cicadas, is a small family within the order Hemiptera. This family is noteworthy for being the closest living relatives to the true cicadas (family Cicadidae). There are only two extant species found within this family, both residing in Australia.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Appearance : Both species boast hairy bodies, unlike the smooth-bodied true cicadas.
  • Wings : Transparent wings with well-defined veins.
  • Sound Production : Unlike true cicadas, Tettigarctidae species do not produce audible sounds using their tymbals.
  • Antennae : Generally shorter than those of their true cicada relatives.
  • Sensory Structures : Possess complex sensory structures for detecting vibrations.

Life Cycle

  • Egg : Laid in plant material or soil.
  • Nymph : Develop underground, feeding on plant roots.
  • Adult : Emerges to mate and lay eggs, with a generally shorter lifespan compared to true cicadas.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Habitat : Native to moist, temperate regions of Australia.
  • Feeding : Nymphs feed on plant roots, while adults feed on plant juices.
  • Communication : Rely more on vibration rather than sound for communication.
  • Activity : Typically low-visibility due to nocturnal habits.

Notable Species

  • Tettigarcta crinita : Found in Tasmania.
  • Tettigarcta tomentosa : Native to southeastern mainland Australia.

Conservation

Both species are not currently listed as endangered, but habitat loss and climate change could pose future risks. Preservation of their natural habitats is crucial for their survival.

Significance to Humans

These insects have minimal direct impact on human activities due to their discrete, nocturnal behavior. They are of interest mainly to researchers studying evolutionary biology and biodiversity.

Fun Facts

  • Ancient Lineage : Tettigarctidae and their extinct relatives date back over 200 million years.
  • No Singing : Unlike their cicada cousins, they don't produce loud calls.
  • Cryptic Lifestyle : Their preference for nocturnal activity makes them difficult to study.
  • Short-lived Adults : Adult hairy cicadas typically only live a few weeks after emerging.
  • Evolutionary Relic : Their sensory structures provide insights into early insect evolution.