Stenopalmatidae
Common Name
Jerusalem crickets or "potato bugs"
Overview
The Stenopalmatidae family, commonly known as Jerusalem crickets or potato bugs, includes large, flightless insects belonging to the order Orthoptera. These nocturnal creatures are generally found in the Western United States and parts of Mexico.
Taxonomy
Key Characteristics
- Body : Large, robust bodies with a shiny exoskeleton.
- Size : Generally 2-3 inches in length.
- Head : Large, rounded head with strong mandibles.
- Legs : Six powerful legs, well-suited for digging.
- Antennae : Long and segmented.
- Wings : Wingless; lacks the ability to fly.
- Coloration : Brown, yellowish, or reddish hues with striped patterns on some species.
Life Cycle
- Egg : Laid in soil or under rocks; incubation period varies.
- Nymph : Undergoes several molts before reaching adulthood.
- Adult : Reproductive and typically nocturnal, living up to two years.
Behavior and Ecology
Jerusalem crickets are burrowers, often found in loose soil or under rocks. They are nocturnal and primarily feed on organic material, including plant roots and small insects. Mating involves a series of complex clicking sounds made by tapping the abdomen against the ground.
Notable Species
- Stenopelmatus fuscus : Commonly found in California.
- Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis : Known from the Cahuilla Valley in California.
Conservation
While not typically at risk, habitat destruction and pesticide use can impact populations.
Significance to Humans
Though mostly harmless, Jerusalem crickets have a strong bite which can be painful. They are often considered pests due to their burrowing habits and potential to damage crops.
Fun Facts
- Jerusalem crickets get their nickname "potato bugs" from their tendency to be found in potato fields.
- These insects produce a foul odor when threatened.
- Contrary to their name, they are not true crickets, nor are they native to Jerusalem.
- Their unique, drumming communication has inspired numerous folklore stories.