Rhinophoridae

Common name

Rhinophoridflies.

Overview

The family Rhinophoridae is a group of parasitoid flies primarily known for their association with woodlice. They are relatively small in comparison to other fly families and are dispersed worldwide, with most species found in the Palearctic region.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Small to medium-sized flies.
  • Dark, often metallic bodies.
  • Covered with setae (bristles).
  • Antennae aristate, similar to muscoid flies.
  • Vein R5 usually ending much before the wing tip.

Life Cycle

  • Egg : Laid on or near woodlice.
  • Larva : Ectoparasitoid; develops externally on the woodlouse host, feeding on its body fluids.
  • Pupa : Pupates in the soil, away from the host.
  • Adult : Emerges from the pupal case, primarily found in habitats rich in woodlice.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Adults are often seen on foliage or flowers.
  • Parasitize woodlice at various developmental stages.
  • Play a role in controlling woodlouse populations.
  • Tend to inhabit forested areas, gardens, and other moist environments where woodlice are prevalent.

Notable Species

  • Stevenia deceptoria : Known for its paralyzing effect on woodlouse hosts.
  • Phyto ecitonis : Found in association with army ants, though occurrences are rare.

Conservation

  • Not currently considered threatened or endangered.
  • Due to their parasitic lifestyle, they play a crucial ecological role.

Significance to Humans

  • Generally have no direct impact on humans.
  • Beneficial in natural pest control systems.
  • Subject of scientific interest due to their unique parasitic relationship with woodlice.

Fun Facts

  • Life Strategy : Unlike many parasitic insects that develop inside their hosts, Rhinophoridae larvae feed externally.
  • Population Control : They help keep woodlouse populations in check, which can benefit gardeners.
  • Globally Distributed : Although most species are found in the Palearctic, members of this family can be found around the world.
  • Not an Urban Pest : They are rarely encountered in urban environments since they rely on specific hosts often found in natural settings.