Prodidomidae

Common Name

Long-spinneret ground spiders

Overview

The Prodidomidae, or long-spinneret ground spiders, are a family of small to medium-sized arachnids often found in leaf litter, under stones, and in other secluded habitats. They are known for their elongated spinnerets, which set them apart from many other spider families.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Elongated, cylindrical spinnerets
  • Typically small in size (3-7 mm)
  • Six or eight eyes (typically six in most genera)
  • Generally light brown to dark brown in color
  • Long, slender legs
  • Predominantly nocturnal

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Prodidomidae follows the general arachnid pattern:

  1. Egg: Laid in silk sacs.
  2. Spiderling: Hatch from eggs and undergo several molts.
  3. Juvenile: Continue to grow through more molts.
  4. Adult: Fully matured, capable of reproduction.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Primarily nocturnal hunters.
  • Found in soil, leaf litter, and under rocks.
  • Ground-dwelling; rarely seen on vegetation.
  • Prey includes small insects and other arthropods.
  • Non-web builders; rely on stealth and speed to capture prey.

Notable Species

  • Zimiris doriai : Distributed widely in tropical and subtropical regions.
  • Prodidomus rufus : Commonly found in Australian regions.

Conservation

Most species within this family have not been evaluated for conservation status. Their cryptic nature makes them challenging to study, and thus, little is known about population trends.

Significance to Humans

Prodidomidae spiders are non-venomous to humans and play a role in controlling the population of small insects and arthropods, contributing to the ecological balance.

Fun Facts

  • Some Prodidomidae species possess only six eyes, unlike the typical eight found in many spiders.
  • The family name "Prodidomidae" is derived from the Greek word "prodidomai," meaning "to betray," possibly referencing their sneaky hunting methods.
  • Long-spinneret ground spiders can often be mistaken for ants due to their similar size and body shape.
  • Prodidomidae are found in diverse habitats across the world, from tropical regions to temperate zones.
  • Despite their small size, these spiders are effective hunters, relying on their agility and speed.