Flatidae

Common Name

FlatidPlanthoppers

Overview

The family Flatidae is a group of insects within the order Hemiptera, known for their distinctive flattened body shape and vibrant coloration. These insects are typically plant feeders and are found in various habitats worldwide, particularly in tropical regions.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Flattened, wedge-shaped bodies
  • Typically possess colorful, often iridescent wings
  • Antennae with a short basal segment and a long filamentous second segment
  • Hind wings usually brightly colored and concealed under forewings
  • Mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking plant sap

Life Cycle

Flatidae undergo incomplete metamorphosis, consisting of three main stages:

  1. Egg : Laid on plant surfaces
  2. Nymph : Multiple instars; nymphs resemble small adults but lack fully developed wings
  3. Adult : Winged and capable of flight, responsible for reproduction and dispersal

Behavior and Ecology

  • Primarily feed on the phloem sap of plants
  • Often found in large groups, which can lead to noticeable damage on host plants
  • Some species exhibit mutualistic relationships with ants, which protect them in exchange for honeydew
  • Nymphs often covered in waxy filaments for protection

Notable Species

  • Flatida rosea : Known for its vivid pink coloration
  • Phromnia rosea : Characterized by bright red wings and found in Madagascar
  • Ormenaria rufifascia : Native to North America, recognized by its reddish wings

Conservation

Flatidae as a group are not generally considered at risk. However, habitat destruction and pesticide use can impact local populations. Specific species may face risks due to their limited ranges or specialized habitat requirements.

Significance to Humans

  • Some species can become agricultural pests, damaging crops and ornamental plants by feeding on sap and potentially transmitting plant pathogens.
  • Their presence can indicate ecosystem health and biodiversity.

Fun Facts

  • Flatidae are known for their vibrant and diverse coloration, making them a favorite subject for macro photographers.
  • Some species mimic leaves or other natural objects to avoid predation.
  • The waxy filaments on nymphs can deter predators and prevent desiccation.
  • Nymphs can produce a sticky substance called honeydew, which attracts ants.