Cicadidae

Common Name

Cicadas

Overview

Cicadidae is a family of insects within the order Hemiptera, known for their characteristic loud and distinctive mating calls, which are produced by males. They are found worldwide but are most diverse in tropical and temperate climates.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Body: Robust with a broad head.
  • Eyes: Prominent compound eyes set wide apart.
  • Wings: Membranous wings held roof-like over the body when at rest.
  • Antennae: Short and bristle-like.
  • Mouthparts: Piercing-sucking, used for feeding on xylem sap of plants.

Life Cycle

  • Egg Stage: Females lay eggs in plant tissue.
  • Nymph Stage: Upon hatching, nymphs drop to the ground and burrow into the soil where they feed on root sap.
  • Adult Stage: After several years (could range from 1 to 17 years), nymphs emerge from the ground, molt, and become winged adults.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Sound Production: Males produce calls using tymbals, specialized structures on the abdomen, to attract females.
  • Feeding: Both nymphs and adults feed on plant sap.
  • Ecosystem Role: Important prey for various predators and act as aerators of the soil through their burrowing activities.

Notable Species

  • Magicicada septendecim: Known for its 17-year life cycle in North America.
  • Tibicen linnei: Common in North America, known for its loud song.
  • Cryptotympana aquila: Found in East Asia, known for its large size and loud calls.

Conservation

Cicadidae are not currently known to be under significant threat; however, habitat destruction and climate change could impact certain species, especially those with specialized life cycles.

Significance to Humans

Cicadas have cultural importance in many societies, often symbolizing rebirth and immortality. They are also studied for their unique life cycles and behaviors, and their emergence is noted in agricultural monitoring.

Fun Facts

  • Some cicada species can spend up to 17 years underground as nymphs.
  • Cicada calls can reach up to 120 decibels, as loud as a chainsaw.
  • The ancient Greeks and Chinese both revered cicadas, associating them with music and immortality.
  • Cicada exoskeletons, left behind after molting, are often found clinging to tree trunks and are collected as curiosities.