Aphrophoridae

Common Name

Froghoppers,Spittlebugs

Overview

The family Aphrophoridae, commonly known as froghoppers or spittlebugs, consists of small, sap-sucking insects. They are known for the distinctive frothy spittle mass produced by nymphs for protection against predators and environmental conditions.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Body shape resembles that of a frog.
  • Generally small, with most species being less than 12 mm in length.
  • Coloration ranges from brown to green.
  • Nymphs produce and reside within a frothy spittle mass.
  • Adults have powerful hind legs for jumping.

Life Cycle

  • Eggs: Laid on plant tissues.
  • Nymphs: Develop in the protective frothy spittle mass, undergo multiple molts.
  • Adults: Emerge from nymphs, capable of flight, mate, and lay eggs.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Most species are herbivorous and feed on plant sap.
  • Associated with a wide range of host plants.
  • Nymphs produce spittle for camouflage and moisture retention.
  • Adults are strong jumpers and can evade predators quickly.

Notable Species

  • Philaenus spumarius: Known as the meadow spittlebug, it is widespread and can affect a variety of crops.
  • Aphrophora alni: Commonly found in Europe and North America, known to impact alder trees.
  • Neophilaenus lineatus: Traced primarily in grasslands and affecting grasses.

Conservation

Generally not considered endangered. However, habitat loss and overuse of pesticides can impact populations.

Significance to Humans

  • Some species are agricultural pests and can transmit plant pathogens.
  • Their presence may indicate a healthy, diverse ecosystem.
  • Spittle produced can be unsightly but usually does not harm plants.

Fun Facts

  • Nymphs create their spittle mass by mixing plant sap with secreted proteins and enzymes.
  • Froghoppers can jump up to 70 times their body length.
  • The spittle was historically thought to be made by cuckoos, hence the name 'cuckoo spit.'
  • Adults use a catapult-like mechanism in their legs, which is one of the most efficient jump mechanisms in the animal kingdom.