Anostostomatidae

Common Name

KingCrickets and Weta

Overview

Anostostomatidae is a family of large, typically nocturnal insects found predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. These insects are known for their robust bodies and powerful legs, which they use for digging and kicking predators.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Size: Ranging from 20 mm to 100 mm in length.
  • Body: Robust and often heavily armored.
  • Legs: Powerful hind legs adapted for jumping or digging.
  • Antennae: Long and slender, used for sensory purposes.

Life Cycle

Behavior and Ecology

  • Habitat: Variety of habitats including forests, grasslands, and caves.
  • Diet: Omnivorous; feeding on plant material, small insects, and detritus.
  • Nocturnal: Most species are active at night.
  • Defense Mechanism: Strong hind legs used to kick or dig to evade predators.

Notable Species

  • Deinacrida heteracantha: The Giant Weta, one of the largest insects in the world.
  • Hemideina crassidens: Tree Weta, known for living in tree holes.
  • Libanasidus vittatus: Known as the Armored Ground Cricket, found in South Africa.

Conservation

Several species within the family are threatened due to habitat destruction, climate change, and introduced predators. Conservation efforts are in place in some regions, notably New Zealand, where several weta species are protected.

Significance to Humans

  • Ecological Role: Contribute to nutrient cycling and the ecological balance.
  • Cultural Importance: In some cultures, weta are considered a symbol of resilience.
  • Research: Studied for their unique physiological and ecological adaptations.

Fun Facts

  • The Giant Weta can be heavier than a sparrow.
  • Tree Weta males will fight fiercely for territory and mates, using their powerful mandibles.
  • Some species can produce sounds by stridulation, rubbing their legs together.
  • The Maori name for weta is associated with a demigod in their mythology.
  • Armored Ground Crickets can leap up to 2 meters to escape predators.