Transgene

Definition

A gene or DNA segment transferred from one organism into the genome of another, typically through genetic engineering, where it may be expressed or alter the recipient's phenotype. In arthropod research, transgenes are introduced to study gene function, create reporter lines, or develop biocontrol strategies such as sterile males or pathogen-resistant vectors.

Etymology

From Latin trans- (across, beyond) + gene.

Example

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes engineered with a transgene expressing a dominant lethal gene are used in sterile insect release programs to suppress wild populations; similarly, transgenic Drosophila lines carrying GFP transgenes allow live imaging of neural development.

Synonyms

• transgenic construct
• foreign gene
• inserted gene

Related Terms

• transgenesis
• germline transformation
• reporter gene
• gene drive
• sterile insect technique
• RNA interference
• promoter
• vector biology

Usage Notes

Distinguish from 'transgenic organism' (the whole modified organism). Transgenes may be constitutive or conditional; their expression depends on the promoter used. In insects, germline transformation typically employs transposable element vectors (P element, piggyBac) or CRISPR-mediated knock-in. The term does not apply to naturally acquired endosymbiont genes unless specifically engineered.