Tomato hornworm

Definition

The larva (caterpillar) of the sphinx moth Manduca quinquemaculata (Sphingidae), named for the dark, horn-like caudal projection and its primary host association with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other Solanaceae. A large, bright green caterpillar with white diagonal lateral markings and black spiracular dots; often confused with the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), which bears seven pairs of oblique lateral stripes versus eight in M. quinquemaculata. Both species feed on overlapping host ranges, making plant association alone unreliable for identification.

Etymology

From the horn-like terminal projection on the abdomen and association with tomato as a host plant.

Example

Gardeners often encounter tomato hornworms stripping Solanum foliage; accurate identification requires counting the lateral stripe pairs (eight in M. quinquemaculata, seven in M. sexta) rather than assuming species from host plant alone.

Synonyms

• five-spotted hawkmoth caterpillar (for the adult's common name applied to larva)

Related Terms

• Tobacco hornworm
• Manduca sexta
• Sphingidae
• horn (caudal)
• Solanaceae
• host plant

Usage Notes

Strictly refers to M. quinquemaculata larvae, though colloquially conflated with tobacco hornworm (M. sexta) due to morphological similarity and shared hosts. In integrated pest management, correct species ID matters for parasitoid biocontrol (e.g., Cotesia congregata wasps attack both, but regional population dynamics differ). The caudal horn is not defensive—it's a sensory structure and eversible gland holder.