Spongillaflies

Definition

A family of small lacewing-like neuropteran insects (Sisyridae) whose larvae are obligate predators of freshwater sponges (Porifera), particularly members of the genus Spongilla. Adults are delicate, brownish insects with long, thread-like antennae and reduced wing venation; larvae possess piercing-sucking mouthparts adapted to extract sponge cells. The common name derives from the larval association with Spongilla, a widespread freshwater sponge genus.

Etymology

From New Latin Spongilla (a genus of freshwater sponges) + English fly, referring to the larval habitat and adult morphology.

Example

Spongillafly larvae of Climacia areolata bore into the gemmules and choanocyte chambers of freshwater sponges, leaving characteristic circular exit holes when they pupate on emergent vegetation.

Synonyms

• spongeflies
• Sisyridae

Related Terms

• Neuroptera
• Lacewings
• freshwater sponges
• Spongilla
• aquatic insect larvae
• gemmules

Usage Notes

The terms 'spongillaflies' and 'spongeflies' are used interchangeably in North American literature, with 'spongeflies' slightly preferred in European usage. The family is sometimes overlooked in aquatic insect surveys because larvae are concealed within sponge tissue and do not appear in standard kick-net samples unless the substrate is explicitly examined. Not to be confused with sponging flies (Muscidae and other dipteran adults with sponging mouthparts).