Sphinx moths

Definition

A common name for moths of the family Sphingidae, distinguished by streamlined bodies, narrow wings, and exceptionally agile, sustained flight that enables hovering at flowers—behavior convergent with hummingbirds. Adults are moderate to large in size and often crepuscular or nocturnal; their larvae, called hornworms, typically bear a posterior horn and are economically significant crop pests. The family comprises roughly 1,450 species with greatest diversity in tropical regions.

Etymology

From Greek Sphinx, the mythological creature; applied to the family by Pierre André Latreille in 1802, possibly alluding to the caterpillar's habit of rearing its head in a sphinx-like pose when disturbed.

Example

The tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), larva of the Carolina sphinx moth, is a model organism for insect physiology and a major pest of Solanaceae crops.

Synonyms

• hawk moths
• hummingbird moths

Related Terms

• Sphingidae
• Hornworm
• hovering flight
• Lepidoptera
• Manduca
• hawkmoth pollination syndrome

Usage Notes

Sphinx moths and hawk moths are interchangeable in general use; hummingbird moths usually refers specifically to day-flying, flower-visiting species such as Hemaris. The family name Sphingidae is preferred in formal taxonomic contexts. Larvae are never called sphinx moths—use hornworm or the specific common name.