Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Definition

A single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA and serves as the template for protein synthesis at ribosomes. In arthropods, mRNA dynamics govern critical processes including metamorphosis, diapause regulation, venom production, and the expression of cuticle proteins, enzymes, and behavioral mediators.

Etymology

From 'messenger' (one who bears a message) + 'RNA' (ribonucleic acid), coined in the 1960s to describe its role in conveying genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm.

Example

In the honey bee Apis mellifera, vitellogenin mRNA levels fluctuate seasonally and correlate with worker task transitions from nursing to foraging, providing a molecular marker of behavioral maturation.

Synonyms

• template RNA
• informational RNA

Related Terms

• RNA interference
• Transcription
• translation
• Ribosome
• Gene expression
• microRNA
• transfer RNA

Usage Notes

Distinguished from structural and catalytic RNAs (rRNA, tRNA) by its coding function. In entomological research, mRNA quantification (via qPCR or RNA-seq) is standard for studying physiological responses to temperature, pesticides, or pathogens. Note that some viruses (including arthropod-borne viruses like dengue and Zika) carry their genomes as mRNA or use host mRNA translation machinery.