McPhail trap

Definition

A transparent, dome-shaped or bell-shaped interception trap used primarily to capture flying insects, especially fruit flies (Tephritidae) and other Diptera, that are attracted to liquid protein baits or synthetic lures. The trap consists of a clear plastic or glass reservoir with a funnel entrance at the bottom; insects enter to feed on the bait, then cannot easily escape and drown in the liquid. The design exploits positive phototaxis, as trapped individuals fly upward toward the light and fail to locate the small exit funnel.

Etymology

Named for the entomologist who developed the design in the 1930s for Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) monitoring.

Example

Researchers deployed McPhail traps baited with torula yeast and borax solution throughout citrus orchards to detect incipient Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) populations before economic thresholds were reached.

Synonyms

• bell trap
• liquid bait trap

Related Terms

• Steiner trap
• Jackson trap
• interception trap
• bait trap
• monitoring trap
• Tephritidae
• fruit fly
• attractant
• pheromone trap
• Phototaxis

Usage Notes

Often distinguished from Steiner traps, which are dry traps baited with synthetic lures and killing agents; McPhail traps retain liquid and are therefore unsuitable for specimens requiring dry preservation. Modern variants may include preservative fluids other than water to improve specimen quality. The term is sometimes rendered 'Mcphail' in lowercase in older literature, but 'McPhail' is now preferred.