Lacquers and dyes from insects

Definition

Natural resins, pigments, and colorants derived from insect secretions or tissues, historically and commercially important in woodworking, textiles, cosmetics, and art. The principal sources are scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), which secrete protective coverings or accumulate carotenoid pigments in their bodies.

Etymology

Example

Shellac, a thermoplastic resin secreted by the lac scale Kerria lacca, is refined into flakes and dissolved in alcohol to produce durable wood finishes; carmine dye, extracted from the dried bodies of cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus), yields crimson pigments used in food coloring, cosmetics, and historical textiles.

Synonyms

• insect-derived colorants
• entomological resins

Related Terms

• cochineal
• Shellac
• Kerria lacca
• Dactylopius coccus
• scale insects
• carminic acid
• lacquer
• kermes
• apiculture products

Usage Notes

Distinguishes between secreted resins (shellac, lac) and body-tissue pigments (cochineal, kermes). Production remains economically significant: cochineal cultivation persists in Peru and Mexico, and shellac retains niche uses in food glazing and traditional crafts despite synthetic alternatives. Quality varies with insect species, host plant, harvest timing, and processing method.