Kaufmann effect

Definition

The Kaufmann effect is a phenomenon in which a human observer perceives an apparent change in the size and shape of an object when viewed through a medium with a high refractive index, such as water or glass.

Etymology

Example

The Kaufmann effect can be observed when looking at a straw submerged in water, where it appears thicker and shorter.

Related Terms

• Refraction
• Optical illusions