Hornets

Definition

Large, eusocial wasps of the genus Vespa (family Vespidae, subfamily Vespinae), characterized by a robust body, powerful sting, and relatively broad vertex (top margin of the head). The genus comprises approximately 22 recognized species, predominantly distributed in tropical Asia, with the European hornet (Vespa crabro) extending into temperate Europe, North America, and northeastern Asia. The term is sometimes applied loosely in North America to aerial-nesting yellowjackets of the genus Dolichovespula, though these are taxonomically distinct.

Etymology

Middle English hernet, horning, from Old English hyrnitu, from Proto-Germanic *hurzijōnō, perhaps related to horn (referring to the stinger or head shape).

Example

The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), exceeding 50 mm in length, is the largest vespine wasp and a significant predator of honey bee colonies.

Related Terms

• Vespa
• yellowjackets
• Vespinae
• eusociality
• vertex
• Dolichovespula

Usage Notes

In strict entomological usage, 'hornet' refers only to species of Vespa; North American 'bald-faced hornets' (Dolichovespula maculata) and 'aerial yellowjackets' are actually yellowjackets, not true hornets. Specialists distinguish hornets from yellowjackets (Vespula, Dolichovespula) by the broader vertex and larger body size.