Gallinipper

Definition

A common name for Psorophora ciliata, a large, aggressive floodwater mosquito (Culicidae) native to North America. Named for its notably painful bite and imposing size—among the largest mosquitoes on the continent—females readily attack humans, livestock, and wildlife. The species breeds in temporary freshwater pools and flooded pastures, with larvae that are predatory on other mosquito larvae.

Etymology

From American English regionalism; likely compound of 'gall' (irritation, vexation) + 'nipper' (one that bites), alluding to the species' painful bite and aggressive feeding behavior.

Example

After heavy spring rains transformed low-lying fields into temporary wetlands, gallinippers emerged in such numbers that outdoor livestock operations required evening protection for cattle.

Synonyms

• shaggy-legged gallinipper
• Psorophora ciliata

Related Terms

• floodwater mosquito
• Psorophora
• Culicidae
• mosquito bite
• vector biology
• larval predation

Usage Notes

Primarily a North American regional/common name; specialists generally use the scientific name Psorophora ciliata. The term distinguishes this species from smaller, less aggressive mosquitoes by emphasizing bite severity and body size. Not to be confused with the unrelated shipwreck or bacteriophage namesakes.