Forficula auricularia

Definition

A widespread species of earwig (order Dermaptera, family Forficulidae), native to Europe and now cosmopolitan, recognized by the fan-shaped hindwings that, when unfolded, resemble a human ear—an allusion reflected in both the common name "earwig" and the specific epithet auricularia (Latin for "of the ear"). Adults are elongate, reddish-brown, and possess the forceps-like cerci characteristic of the order; they are omnivorous, feeding on plant material, detritus, and small arthropods, and frequently occur in gardens, greenhouses, and domestic settings.

Etymology

Forficula, Latin diminutive of forfex (shears/scissors), referring to the pincer-like cerci; auricularia, from auricula (little ear), describing the ear-shaped hindwings.

Example

In integrated pest management programs, Forficula auricularia is monitored as both a minor household nuisance and a potential biological control agent, since populations in orchards and vineyards prey on aphids and caterpillar eggs.

Synonyms

• European earwig
• common earwig

Related Terms

• Dermaptera
• Forficulidae
• cercus
• tegmina
• earwig

Usage Notes

The name is sometimes applied loosely to earwigs worldwide, but strictly refers to the European-derived species complex. The species exhibits notable phenotypic plasticity in forceps morphology, leading to historical recognition of forms such as forcipata. In North America and other introduced ranges, it is often the only earwig encountered by the general public, causing confusion with native dermapteran fauna.