Epipyropidae

Definition

A small family of moths (order Lepidoptera) whose larvae are obligate ectoparasites of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). The family exhibits hypermetamorphosis: first-instar larvae are triungulin-like, mobile, and seek hosts, while later instars become highly modified, sedentary parasites that remain attached to the host integument and feed on its hemolymph. This parasitic life history is shared with the related family Cyclotornidae and is unique among Lepidoptera.

Etymology

From Greek epi- (upon) + pyropos (fire-face, referring to planthoppers) + -idae (family suffix)

Example

Epipyropid larvae of the genus Fulgoraecia attach to fulgorid planthoppers such as Poblicia fuliginosa, forming dark, waxy crusts on the host's abdomen while completing their development.

Synonyms

• planthopper parasite moths

Related Terms

• Cyclotornidae
• Hypermetamorphosis
• Ectoparasite
• triungulin
• Fulgoroidea
• Lepidoptera

Usage Notes

The family is sometimes referred to by its common name 'planthopper parasite moths,' though this term may also encompass Cyclotornidae. Epipyropidae is distinguished from Cyclotornidae by larval morphology and host specificity: epipyropids specialize on fulgoroid planthoppers, whereas cyclotornids parasitize Hemiptera more broadly, including leafhoppers and sometimes other insects. The family's hypermetamorphosis represents a rare case of parasitism evolving within a predominantly herbivorous order.