Argynnis

Definition

A genus of medium to large butterflies in the brush-footed family Nymphalidae, commonly called the "fritillaries." Species in Argynnis typically display orange-brown wings with intricate black spotting and silvered or pearly markings on the undersides. The genus is widespread across the Holarctic region, with larvae feeding primarily on Violaceae. Historically broad, the genus has undergone taxonomic revision, with some former members now placed in related genera such as Speyeria.

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ἀργῠννῐ́ς (Argŭnnĭ́s), possibly alluding to the silver or pearly markings characteristic of these butterflies.

Example

The silver-washed fritillary, Argynnis paphia, is among the most widespread European species, recognized by the greenish silver streaks on its hindwing undersides.

Related Terms

• Nymphalidae
• fritillary
• Speyeria
• Argynnini
• Lepidoptera
• Violaceae

Usage Notes

In older literature, Argynnis was used more broadly to encompass what are now treated as separate genera (e.g., Speyeria in North America). Modern usage follows narrower circumscription based on phylogenetic studies. The common name "fritillary" is shared with unrelated plants (Fritillaria) and other butterfly genera, so context matters. When precise identification is needed, specify Argynnis sensu stricto versus the broader historical concept.