Zoridae

Common Name

Double-brush Spiders

Overview

The family Zoridae, commonly known as double-brush spiders, encompasses a group of small to medium-sized spiders notable for their hunting abilities. With species spread across various regions, they are predominantly ground-dwelling and exhibit unique traits that distinguish them from other spider families.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Size: Small to medium
  • Eyes: Eight arranged in two rows
  • Legs: Covered with dense setae (bristles)
  • Coloration: Typically brown or gray, often with subtle patterns
  • Spinnerets: Prominent, located at the rear end of the abdomen

Life Cycle

  • Egg: Laid in silken sacs
  • Spiderling: Hatch from eggs and undergo several molts
  • Subadult: Continue to grow and molt
  • Adult: Reach sexual maturity and reproduce

Behavior and Ecology

  • Habitat: Ground-dwelling, found under rocks, leaf litter, and logs
  • Hunting: Active hunters, do not rely on webs to capture prey
  • Diet: Insects and other small arthropods
  • Reproduction: Males perform courtship displays; females create silken sacs for eggs

Notable Species

  • Zora spinimana: Widespread in Europe, often found in grasslands and forest floors
  • Gladicosa pulchra: Known for its striking appearance and found in North America

Conservation

Generally not of concern, though habitat destruction may impact local populations. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats.

Significance to Humans

Double-brush spiders play a beneficial role in controlling insect populations. They are not considered dangerous to humans and rarely interact with them.

Fun Facts

  • Agility: They are swift runners, using their long legs to chase down prey.
  • Courtship Dance: Males often perform elaborate dances to attract females.
  • Camouflage: Their natural coloration helps them blend into their surroundings, making them excellent ambush predators.
  • Eyesight: Unlike web-building spiders, they rely heavily on their keen eyesight to hunt.
  • Distribution: Found on almost every continent, demonstrating their adaptability to various environments.