Trochanteriidae
Common Name
Flat Spiders
Overview
The Trochanteriidae family encompasses a variety of ground-dwelling spiders known for their flattened bodies, making them well-suited for life under stones, bark, and leaf litter. These spiders are primarily found across Australia and Southeast Asia but have representatives in other parts of the world as well.
Taxonomy
Key Characteristics
- Body Shape: Flattened with an elongated, oval abdomen.
- Eyes: Typically six, arranged in three diads.
- Legs: Adapted for running, with the first pair often the longest.
- Coloration: Generally brown or grey, aiding in camouflage.
Life Cycle
- Egg: Laid in silken sacs, often hidden in crevices.
- Spiderling: Hatch and disperse from the egg sac; juveniles resemble adults.
- Adult: Mature through a series of molts; lifespan varies by species.
Behavior and Ecology
- Habitat: Primarily terrestrial, residing under stones, bark, and leaf litter.
- Hunting: Active hunters, preying on insects and small invertebrates.
- Reproduction: Males perform intricate courtship displays; fertilization is internal.
- Predators: Birds, amphibians, reptiles, and larger spiders.
Notable Species
- Hemicloea major: A large species found in Australia, noted for its size and adaptability.
- Platyoides pirie: Known from Madagascar, recognized for its unusually large chelicerae.
Conservation
No species in this family are currently considered at risk, though habitat destruction could pose a threat to certain localized populations.
Significance to Humans
Trochanteriidae spiders play a role in controlling insect populations, contributing to ecological balance. They are generally non-aggressive and pose little threat to humans.
Fun Facts
- Adaptability: These spiders can be found in a variety of terrestrial habitats, showing remarkable adaptability.
- Hunting: Unlike web-building spiders, they rely on speed and agility to catch prey.
- Cryptic Life: Their flattened bodies allow them to hide in narrow spaces, making them elusive and rarely seen.