Sparassidae

Common Name

Huntsman Spiders

Overview

The Sparassidae family, commonly known as huntsman spiders, consists of fast-moving spiders known for their size and unique hunting techniques. They are found in warm climates worldwide and are most commonly encountered in Australia, Africa, and Asia.

Taxonomy

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Arachnida
• Order: Araneae
• Family: Sparassidae

Key Characteristics

• Size: Body lengths range from 1 to 3 inches, with leg spans up to 12 inches.
• Appearance: Typically have a flattened body with crab-like legs that extend forward in a distinct manner.
• Coloration: Varies by species; commonly brown, grey, or greenish with some species having banded legs.
• Eyes: Eight eyes arranged in two rows.

Life Cycle

• Eggs: Female huntsman spiders can lay several egg sacs containing up to 200 eggs.
• Spiderlings: Juveniles resemble adults and undergo several molts before maturing.
• Adults: Lifespan ranges from about 2 to 3 years.

Behavior and Ecology

Huntsman spiders are primarily nocturnal and use their speed and ambush tactics to catch prey. Unlike web-weaving spiders, they rely on their agility and strength to overpower insects and other small creatures. These spiders are often found hiding under bark, rocks, or in crevices.

Notable Species

• Heteropoda venatoria: Commonly known as the giant huntsman or banana spider.
• Delena cancerides: Known as the social huntsman and found in Australia.
• Pandercetes gracilis: Famous for its camouflage abilities and native to Southeast Asia.

Conservation

Generally, huntsman spiders are not under significant threat. However, habitat destruction and pesticide use can negatively impact local populations.

Significance to Humans

• Pest Control: They help regulate insect populations.
• Myth and Folklore: In various cultures, they are both feared and revered.
• Bites: Their bites are typically non-venomous to humans but can cause mild pain and swelling.

Fun Facts

• Huntsman spiders are among the fastest-moving spiders, capable of running at speeds over 1 meter per second.
• They can often be found in homes, where they help control pests like cockroaches.
• Huntsman spiders use venom to immobilize their prey, although it's harmless to humans.
• They exhibit maternal care, with females guarding their egg sacs and sometimes carrying them.