Scatopsidae

Common Name

DungMidges

Overview

Scatopsidae, known commonly as dung midges, are a family of small flies that inhabit various environments. They are most often found near decaying organic matter, playing significant roles in decomposition.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Small size, generally 1-6 mm in length.
  • Dark-colored, typically black or dark brown.
  • Short antennae with distinct segments.
  • Wings are clear or lightly sclerotized, with simple vein patterns.
  • Larvae are usually elongate and cylindrical with a well-developed head.

Life Cycle

  • Egg: Deposited in decaying organic matter.
  • Larval Stage: Larvae feed on decomposing plant or animal materials.
  • Pupal Stage: Pupation occurs in the substrate where larvae developed.
  • Adult: Adults emerge ready to reproduce; lifespan is short, usually a few days to a week.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Larvae are detritivores, contributing to the breakdown of organic matter.
  • Adults are often found near larval habitats, including decaying plant material, animal dung, and fungi.
  • Some species are attracted to lights at night.

Notable Species

  • Scatopse notata: A widespread species often studied for its ecological role in organic matter decomposition.
  • Coboldia fuscipes: Known for its presence in a variety of decaying substrates and cosmopolitan distribution.

Conservation

  • Generally not of conservation concern due to their widespread and often abundant nature. However, habitat loss affecting decaying organic matter may influence local populations.

Significance to Humans

  • Beneficial in decomposition processes and nutrient cycling.
  • Can be considered mild pests when adults are attracted to lights or found in large numbers near habitation.

Fun Facts

  • Scatopsidae larvae have been observed in diverse habitats ranging from forests to urban environments.
  • Some species can complete their life cycle in a few weeks, rapidly recycling organic material.
  • Adults are weak fliers and are often found resting on surfaces near larval habitats.
  • They are closely related to the more well-known black flies (Simuliidae) but can be distinguished by their specific morphological characteristics.