Raphidiidae

Snakeflies (Family Raphidiidae)

Overview

The family Raphidiidae, commonly known as snakeflies, belongs to the order Raphidioptera. These insects are named for their elongated bodies and the distinctive snake-like appearance of their long necks. They are predominantly found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

• Class: Insecta
• Order: Raphidioptera
• Family: Raphidiidae

Key Characteristics

• Morphology: Long prothorax giving a snake-like appearance, large eyes, and strong mandibles.
• Wings: Two pairs of similar-sized, membranous wings with a dense network of veins.
• Antennae: Filiform and relatively long.
• Size: Typically 6-28 mm in length.

Life Cycle

• Egg: Laid in crevices in bark or leaf litter.
• Larva: Carnivorous, with a long development time that can last up to three years.
• Pupa: Overwinters, with pupation occurring in spring.
• Adult: Emerges in late spring/early summer, lives for a few months.

Behavior and Ecology

Snakeflies are primarily predators, feeding on soft-bodied arthropods such as aphids and other small insects. Larvae are active hunters in decaying wood or leaf litter.

Notable Species

• Raphidia notata
• Agulla bicolor
• Xanthostigma xanthostigma

Conservation

Snakefly populations are generally stable, though habitat loss and pesticide use can pose threats. They benefit from well-conserved woodland and forest habitats.

Significance to Humans

Snakeflies contribute to pest control by preying on agricultural pests and other harmful insects. They are also of interest to entomologists due to their unique morphology and behavior.

Fun Facts

• Snakeflies have existed since the Jurassic period, making them ancient insects.
• Adult snakeflies are often seen basking in the sun on tree trunks or foliage.
• Despite their fearsome appearance, snakeflies are harmless to humans.