Psoroptidae

Common Name

Mites

Overview

The family Psoroptidae includes mites that are known for being ectoparasites, primarily affecting mammals. These mites often cause conditions such as mange by infesting the skin, ears, or respiratory systems of their hosts.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Small size; typically less than 0.5 mm in length.
  • Oval or pear-shaped body.
  • Lack traditional segmentation.
  • Legs can be long or short, depending on the species and life stage.
  • May exhibit spines or setae (hair-like structures) on their bodies.

Life Cycle

  • Egg : Laid on the host’s body.
  • Larva : Hatch from eggs and feed on the host.
  • Nymph : Undergoes several molts, transitioning through protonymph and tritonymph stages.
  • Adult : Mature into reproductive adults, continuing the infestation cycle.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Parasitic life cycle dependent on mammalian hosts.
  • Typically found on skin, in ears, or in respiratory passages.
  • Infestation can cause intense itching, inflammation, and secondary infections.
  • Transmission occurs through direct contact between hosts.

Notable Species

  • Psoroptes ovis : Causes sheep scab, a highly contagious skin condition affecting sheep.
  • Chorioptes bovis : Infests cattle, goats, and horses, leading to mange.
  • Otodectes cynotis : Known as ear mites, commonly affects cats, dogs, and other small mammals.

Conservation

Not generally a concern for conservation as Psoroptidae are often regarded as pests. However, their control is crucial for the welfare of livestock and pets.

Significance to Humans

  • Economic impact on agriculture due to infestations in livestock.
  • Veterinary importance because of their role in diseases of domestic animals.
  • Public health concern, albeit minor, primarily through pet infestations.

Fun Facts

  • Mite Mobility : Despite their small size, Psoroptidae mites are quite mobile, moving swiftly on their host.
  • Ancient Parasites : These mites have been parasitizing mammals for millions of years, predating human agriculture.
  • Special Diet : They are specialized feeders, often consuming skin flakes, ear wax, or bodily fluids of their hosts.
  • Host Specificity : Different species have preferences for different hosts and body parts.
  • Mange Myths : Mange caused by these mites has been historically misunderstood and often blamed on poor hygiene, though it can affect well-cared-for animals too.