Pholcidae

Common Name

Daddy Long-Legs Spiders

Overview

Pholcidae, commonly known as Daddy Long-Legs Spiders or Cellar Spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders characterized by their long, slender legs and small body size. They thrive in a variety of environments, particularly dark and undisturbed locations like cellars, caves, and under rocks.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Body Shape : Small, often less than 10 mm in length
  • Legs : Exceptionally long and thin, which can be up to several times the body length
  • Eyes : Usually six or eight, arranged in two or three groups
  • Webs : Irregular, tangled webs often located in dark, secluded places

Life Cycle

Pholcidae undergo standard arachnid development involving egg, spiderling, and adult stages. Females typically lay eggs in a silk sac, which they may carry in their mouth until the spiderlings hatch.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Habitat : Common in human dwellings, especially in basements and attics, but also found in caves and forests
  • Diet : Predatory, primarily feeding on insects and other arthropods
  • Webs : Known for their messy, irregular webs; they hang upside-down in the web
  • Defense Mechanism : Vibrate rapidly in their webs to confuse predators

Notable Species

  • Pholcus phalangioides : Often found in homes and known for its cobweb-like structures
  • Smeringopus pallidus : Frequently encountered in tropical regions
  • Holocnemus pluchei : Distinguished by its spotted abdomen

Conservation

Pholcidae are not currently considered at risk. Their ability to live in close association with humans has ensured the survival of many species within this family.

Significance to Humans

Daddy Long-Legs Spiders are often welcomed for their role in controlling pest populations. Despite widespread myths, their venom is not harmful to humans.

Fun Facts

  • Wide Distribution : Pholcidae can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
  • Vibration Technique : To avoid predation, these spiders can rapidly vibrate themselves, making them hard to see.
  • Myths : Contrary to popular belief, their venom is not deadly to humans.
  • Helpful Housemates : They contribute to pest control by preying on insects like mosquitoes and flies.
  • Complex Webs : Their webs can catch prey up to ten times their size.