Paradoxosomatidae

Common Name

Flat-backed millipedes

Overview

The Paradoxosomatidae family encompasses a diverse and cosmopolitan group of millipedes found in various habitats across the world. They are particularly abundant in tropical and subtropical regions and are known for their distinctive flattened body shape.

Taxonomy

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Diplopoda
• Order: Polydesmida
• Family: Paradoxosomatidae

Key Characteristics

• Body Shape: Characterized by a flattened dorsal surface, often giving them the common name "flat-backed millipedes."
• Number of Segments: Typically possess around 20 body segments.
• Size: Ranges considerably, with some species reaching lengths of up to 50 mm.
• Coloration: Varied, with many species exhibiting bright and distinctive colors and patterns.

Life Cycle

• Egg Stage: Laid in moist soil or leaf litter.
• Larval Stage: Juveniles resemble miniature adults and undergo multiple moults.
• Adult Stage: Reproductive adults, with a lifespan that can extend up to several years in some species.

Behavior and Ecology

• Diet: Detritivores, feeding mainly on decaying plant material and contributing to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
• Habitat: Found in a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and gardens. They prefer moist environments.
• Defense Mechanisms: May secrete chemicals from pores along their body to deter predators.

Notable Species

• Millipede species: Ankylosomatidae, Asiomorpha coarctata, Oxidus gracilis
• Geographic Distribution: Species such as Asiomorpha coarctata have a nearly global distribution due to human activities.

Conservation

• Status: Most species are not currently considered threatened, though habitat loss and pollution could pose future risks.
• Conservation Efforts: Preservation of natural habitats and reduction in pesticide use help protect these important detritivores.

Significance to Humans

• Ecosystem Roles: Play a crucial role in the decomposition process and nutrient cycling, thus supporting soil health and fertility.
• Scientific Research: Studied for their diversity and adaptability, providing insights into arthropod evolution and ecology.

Fun Facts

• Paradoxosomatidae includes some of the most widespread millipede species in the world.
• Their bright coloration can sometimes be a warning signal to predators that they produce toxic chemicals.
• Some species can roll into a tight coil as a defensive behavior, protecting their vulnerable underside.
• Fossil records indicate that millipedes are among the earliest land animals.