Mycetophagidae

Common Name

Hairy fungus beetles

Overview

Mycetophagidae, commonly known as hairy fungus beetles, are a family of small to medium-sized beetles primarily associated with fungi. They are known for their distinct affinity towards fungal growths, which serves as both their habitat and primary food source.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Small to medium-sized beetles, generally 1.5 to 6 mm in length
  • Elongate-oval to somewhat cylindrical body shape
  • Body often covered with fine setae (hairs), providing a hairy appearance
  • Antennae usually clubbed, with 11 segments
  • Elytra(wing covers) often exhibit longitudinal striae

Life Cycle

  • Egg: Laid on fungal substrates
  • Larva: Feed on the mycelium and spores of fungi
  • Pupa: Develop within the fungal habitat
  • Adult: Continue to feed on fungi and contribute to the decomposition process

Behavior and Ecology

  • Mycetophagids are predominantly fungivorous.
  • Found in damp environments rich in fungal growth, such as decaying logs, leaf litter, and under the bark of trees.
  • Play a role in the decomposition of fungal material, aiding nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Notable Species

  • Litargus connexus: A species known for its wide distribution and association with various fungal hosts.
  • Typhaea stercorea: Often encountered in stored products and occasionally considered a pest due to its presence in dried fungal products.

Conservation

  • No significant conservation concerns currently reported.
  • Threats could potentially arise from habitat destruction affecting fungal populations.

Significance to Humans

  • Generally non-pestiferous, although a few species may occasionally be found in stored grain or fungal stores.
  • Important for studying fungal ecology and the decomposition process.

Fun Facts

  • Diverse Diet: While predominantly fungivorous, some species have adapted to feed on a variety of detrital materials.
  • Small Size: One of the smallest beetles in the family, Mycetophagus ater, measures just over 1.5 mm.
  • Wanderers: Adults are often found wandering on the ground or on the surface of tree bark, searching for suitable fungal hosts.
  • Moisture Lovers: Prefer moist environments, making forest floors and decaying wood their prime habitat.
  • Quick Development: Ideal conditions can lead to rapid life cycle completion, helping them exploit transient fungal resources efficiently.