Mastotermitidae

Common Name

Giant Northern Termite

Overview

Mastotermitidae is a small family of termites, with living representatives found solely within a single species, Mastotermes darwiniensis. This family has an ancient lineage, with many extinct relatives represented in the fossil record.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Large-bodied termites
  • Primitive and ancient lineage within termites
  • Resembles cockroaches in certain morphological traits
  • Winged reproductive adults have large, conspicuous wings
  • Winged structure shows a primitive feature: the presence of a basal suture

Life Cycle

  • Egg
  • Nymph
  • Adult
  • Development includes multiple nymph stages before reaching maturity
  • Reproductive adults (alates) leave the colony to establish new colonies

Behavior and Ecology

  • Primarily found in northern Australia
  • Lives in colonies with a highly organized social structure
  • Diet consists mainly of dead wood and decomposing plant material
  • Known for causing significant damage to wooden structures and crops due to their feeding habits
  • Exhibits a complex, eusocial behavior common to termites, including caste differentiation

Notable Species

  • Mastotermes darwiniensis : The sole extant species in this family, known for its destructive propensity in wooden structures and agricultural environments.

Conservation

  • Not currently listed as threatened or endangered
  • Considered a pest species in many regions due to its destructive nature

Significance to Humans

  • Known for significant economic impact through the destruction of wooden buildings and structures
  • Can damage trees and crops, affecting agricultural productivity
  • Requires management and control measures to prevent severe damage

Fun Facts

  • Mastotermes darwiniensis is the most primitive living termite.
  • Fossils suggest that relatives of Mastotermitidae date back to the Cretaceous period.
  • These termites have traits shared with cockroaches, hinting at an evolutionary connection.
  • They are among the most social insects, living in colonies that can number in the thousands.
  • The wings of reproductive Mastotermes can be over 40 mm long.