Lithobiidae

Common Name

Stone Centipedes

Overview

The Lithobiidae is a family of centipedes found across the world. Often referred to as stone centipedes, members of this family are known for their fast movements and predatory lifestyle.

Taxonomy

• Kingdom : Animalia
• Phylum : Arthropoda
• Class : Chilopoda
• Order : Lithobiomorpha
• Family : Lithobiidae

Key Characteristics

• Size : Generally ranges from 10 to 30 mm in length.
• Body Segments : Possess 15 pairs of legs, but only 14 visible body segments.
• Antennae : Long and multi-segmented.
• Color : Typically brown to reddish-brown.
• Eyes : Ocelli arranged in clusters on either side of the head.
• Legs : The first pair of legs is modified into venomous forcipules used to grasp prey.

Life Cycle

• Egg : Deposited in moist environments.
• Larva : Hatch with fewer leg pairs and gain pairs with each molt.
• Juvenile : Resemble adults but smaller and with fewer developed segments.
• Adult : Last stage, capable of reproduction.

Behavior and Ecology

• Habitat : Common in leaf litter, under stones, and logs.
• Diet : Predatory, feeding on small insects and other arthropods.
• Movement : Rapid runners; can climb and burrow proficiently.
• Defensive Strategies : Use venomous forcipules to subdue prey and deter predators.

Notable Species

• Lithobius forficatus : Commonly found in Europe and North America.
• Lithobius castaneus : Known for its chestnut-brown color and prevalence.

Conservation

Generally not endangered but can be affected by habitat destruction and pollution. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem as predators of small invertebrates.

Significance to Humans

While they are generally harmless to humans, their ability to control insect populations can be beneficial. They are occasionally found in homes, typically in damp areas.

Fun Facts

• Speed : Stone centipedes can sprint to escape predators or catch prey.
• Venom : While venomous, their bite is not harmful to humans.
• Regeneration : They can regenerate lost legs after successive molts.
• Vision : Despite having eyes, they rely more on touch and vibration to navigate their surroundings.
• Lifespan : Typically live around 3 to 4 years.