Limacodidae

Common Name

SlugCaterpillars or Cup Moths

Overview

Limacodidae is a family of moths known for their distinctive larvae, which often have slug-like appearances. These moths are found globally, with a high diversity in tropical regions.

Taxonomy

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Lepidoptera
• Superfamily: Zygaenoidea
• Family: Limacodidae

Key Characteristics

• Adults: Generally small to medium-sized moths with stout, hairy bodies and broad wings.
• Larvae: Slug-like with reduced or absent prolegs, often covered in urticating (stinging) hairs or spines.

Life Cycle

1. Egg: Laid on host plants.
2. Larva: Stout and often brightly colored with urticating hairs, they feed on the host plant leaves.
3. Pupa: Forms in a tough, silk cocoon on or near the ground.
4. Adult: Emerges from the cocoon to mate and lay eggs.

Behavior and Ecology

• Habitat: Diverse, ranging from forests to grasslands.
• Diet: Larvae feed on a variety of host plants, including trees and shrubs.
• Predators: Birds, ants, and parasitic wasps.

Notable Species

• Euclea delphinii : Known as the Spiny Oak-Slug Moth, found in North America.
• Parasa lepida : The Nettle Caterpillar, which is a pest in various tropical regions.
• Acharia stimulea : The Saddleback Caterpillar, recognized for its distinctive marking and painful sting.

Conservation

While many species are abundant, habitat destruction and pesticide use can negatively impact local populations. Conservation efforts often focus on preserving habitats and reducing chemical use.

Significance to Humans

• Pest Status: Some species are agricultural pests, damaging crops and ornamental plants.
• Health Impact: Larvae can be a health hazard due to their stinging hairs, which can cause painful reactions upon contact.

Fun Facts

• Limacodidae caterpillars get their "slug caterpillar" nickname from their unique, legless crawling style.
• The stinging hairs or spines of these larvae can sometimes cause severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
• Some species have larvae that mimic bird droppings, providing them with excellent camouflage against predators.
• The cocoon of a limacodid moth is often very tough and can include calcium carbonate for added strength.