Heteronemiidae
Rehn, 1904
walkingsticks, stick insects
Genus Guides
1- Parabacillus(Short-horn Walkingsticks)
is a of stick insects (order ) comprising approximately 14 and at least 80 described . The family is primarily distributed in the Neotropics, with significant diversity in Brazil, though some species occur in the Nearctic region including the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Members of this family exhibit camouflage , with some species described as 'mossy stick insects' due to their in forest .
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Heteronemiidae: /hɛtɛroʊnɛˈmiːi.aɪdiː/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Habitat
Submontane, ombrophilous Atlantic Forest in Southeast Brazil (documented for Ceroys ). Other species occupy varied forest across the Neotropics.
Distribution
Mexico; Central America; Brazil (Southeast, Atlantic Forest region); Argentina Northeast; Arizona; Pacific Northwest of the United States (Washington, Idaho).
Life Cycle
Nymphal stages have been described for Ceroys (Miroceroys) cancelloae. have been described for multiple including Ceroys (Miroceroys) and Canuleius, representing the first egg descriptions for the latter genus.
Behavior
Camouflage is prominent; have been described as 'masters of camouflage.'
More Details
Reproductive Biology
First observations of mating and oviposition in have been documented for Canuleius . varies considerably between and has proven taxonomically informative.
Taxonomic Notes
The tribe Pygirhynchini within contains four , three of which occur in Brazil: Ceroys, Canuleius, and Pygirhynchus. The genus Ceroys is subdivided into subgenera Ceroys (Ceroys) and Ceroys (Miroceroys) based on the absence or presence of a spine on the scapus.
Research Status
Several lineages within remain poorly studied, with significant recent taxonomic work focusing on Brazilian fauna. The Canuleius was historically poorly known, with recent studies providing first descriptions of males, females, and for multiple .
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- Contributions to the knowledge of Canuleius Stål (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae): taxonomy, morphology and notes on the biology of two species
- Contributions to the knowledge of Ceroys (Miroceroys) Piza, 1936 (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae): two new mossy stick insects from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
- Unmasking a master of camouflage: The rich morphology, taxonomy, and biology of the Brazilian stick insect Canuleius similis (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae), with general considerations on phasmid genitalia
- Parabacillus hesperus Hebard, 1934 (Phasmida: Heteronemiidae): new state records for Washington and Idaho and an assessment of its distribution in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.)