Fulgoridae

Common Name

Lanternflies

Overview

Fulgoridae, commonly known as lanternflies, is a family of planthoppers within the order Hemiptera. Despite their common name, they do not produce light. They are known for their bright and varied coloration, and many species exhibit large, ornate extensions of the head.

Taxonomy

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Hemiptera
• Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
• Superfamily: Fulgoroidea
• Family: Fulgoridae

Key Characteristics

• Large, often elongate body.
• Pronounced and often ornate cephalic (head) extensions.
• Vibrant coloration and intricate patterns on wings.
• Large hind wings are usually more colorful than the forewings.
• Piercing-sucking mouthparts.

Life Cycle

Lanternflies undergo incomplete metamorphosis which includes:

1. Egg: Laid on host plants.
2. Nymph: Multiple stages (instars) resembling small adults but without wings.
3. Adult: Fully winged, capable of dispersal.

Behavior and Ecology

• Primarily phytophagous (plant-feeding), using their beak-like mouthparts to pierce plant tissues and consume sap.
• Often associated with specific host plants.
• Some species are known to excrete excess sugar as honeydew, which can promote mold growth on plants.

Notable Species

• Lycorma delicatula - known as the spotted lanternfly, an invasive pest in several countries.
• Pyrops candelaria - recognized by its colorful wings and elongate head structure.

Conservation

• Most species are not of conservation concern.
• Invasive species like the spotted lanternfly are managed to prevent economic and ecological damage.

Significance to Humans

• Pests like Lycorma delicatula can cause significant damage to crops and ornamental plants.
• Some species are studied for their unique physiological and ecological traits.

Fun Facts

• The name "lanternfly" originates from a mistaken belief that they could emit light.
• Lanternflies are more closely related to cicadas than to true flies.
• Their striking appearance has made some species popular in traditional art and folklore.
• Nymphs often mimic ants in their early stages as a defense mechanism against predators.