Eriophyidae
Common Name
Overview
Eriophyidae is a diverse family of microscopic mites known for inducing galls on plants. These mites often cause plant tissues to swell and form characteristic structures that can be crucial for their development and protection.
Taxonomy
Key Characteristics
- Size: Extremely small, usually 0.1-0.3 mm long
- Body Shape: Worm-like with only two pairs of legs located near the head
- Color: Typically white or translucent
- Feeding: Piercing-sucking mouthparts used to feed on plant sap
Life Cycle
- Egg: Laid individually on host plant surfaces.
- Larva: Resembles adults but smaller, undergoes several molts.
- Nymph: Similar in appearance to the adult.
- Adult: Fully developed reproductive stage, capable of dispersal.
Behavior and Ecology
- Host Specificity: Often highly specific to certain plant species.
- Gall Formation: Chemical effects of feeding stimulate plant tissue to form galls, which provide food and shelter.
- Dispersal: Wind, animals, or human activity may help spread these mites.
Notable Species
- Aceria anthocoptes: Known for causing galls on dogwoods.
- Phyllocoptes fructiphilus: Vector for the Rose Rosette Virus.
- Acalitus vaccinii: Causes galls on blueberry plants.
Conservation
Generally not a primary focus of conservation efforts. However, the balance of their populations can be important in maintaining the health of ecosystems.
Significance to Humans
- Agriculture: Some species are harmful pests, affecting crops and ornamental plants.
- Studies: Useful in studies of plant physiology and gall formation.
Fun Facts
- Eriophyid mites are among the smallest arthropods known.
- Despite their tiny size, they can cause significant agricultural damage.
- They are almost invisible to the naked eye but incredibly diverse in number.
- The galls they produce can sometimes serve as habitats for other organisms.