Dipluridae

Common Name

Curtain-web Spiders

Overview

The family Dipluridae comprises medium to large spiders, commonly known as curtain-web spiders. They are found in various regions globally, but are particularly prevalent in South America, Central America, and parts of Asia and Africa. These spiders are part of the infraorder Mygalomorphae, which also includes tarantulas.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Body Size: Usually medium to large.
  • Spinnerets: Typically elongated, two pairs of spinnerets are visible, often prominently.
  • Fangs: Paraxial or downward-facing fangs.
  • Webs: Construct funnel-shaped webs that can extend underground or into sheltered areas.
  • Coloration: Generally drab brown or black, although some species exhibit brighter colors.

Life Cycle

Diplurid spiders, like other mygalomorphs, have relatively long life cycles. Females can live for many years, going through a series of molts. The reproductive process begins with a mating ritual where the male deposits sperm into special organs called pedipalps. After fertilization, the female lays eggs in a silk cocoon, which she guards until they hatch. The spiderlings disperse after several molts.

Behavior and Ecology

Diplurids are nocturnal, emerging from their silk retreats to hunt at night. They are ambush predators and rely on vibrations transmitted through their webs to detect prey. Their diet mainly consists of small insects, but they are capable of taking down larger prey given the opportunity.

Notable Species

  • Masteria simla: Found in Trinidad and Tobago, known for its distinctive coloration.
  • Diplura macrura: Native to South America, one of the larger species within the family.

Conservation

As a group, Dipluridae are not extensively studied, and conservation status varies by species and region. Habitat destruction is an ongoing threat to certain species, particularly those with very limited distributions.

Significance to Humans

These spiders are generally not dangerous to humans. Their venom is not of medical importance. However, they can be fascinating both for amateur arachnologists and educators. Their unique web structures and behaviors make them interesting subjects in the field of entomology and arachnology.

Fun Facts

  • Some species have webs that can extend several feet underground.
  • Despite their often menacing appearance, Dipluridae venom is not harmful to humans.
  • They are among the most ancient spider families, with a fossil record dating back to the Triassic period.
  • Females can live over 10 years, much longer than most other spiders.