Crabronidae

Common Name

Sand wasps, digger wasps

Overview

The Crabronidae is a family of wasps characterized by their diverse nesting and hunting behaviors. They are commonly known as sand wasps or digger wasps and are found worldwide. This family includes solitary species that often nest in the ground and exhibit a variety of prey capturing strategies.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Medium to small-sized wasps with robust bodies
  • Distinctive elongated, cylindrical abdomen
  • Nesting primarily in soil, but also in wood or pre-existing cavities
  • Larvae are provided with paralyzed prey, typically insects or spiders

Life Cycle

  1. Egg : Laid in prepared nests
  2. Larva : Feeds on provided prey
  3. Pupa : Develops in a cocoon within the nest
  4. Adult : Emerges to continue the cycle

Behavior and Ecology

  • Solitary lifestyle with females independently constructing nests
  • Prey on various arthropods, aiding in pest control
  • Nests can be complex burrows with multiple chambers
  • Exhibit diverse hunting behaviors such as hovering or rapidly darting to capture prey

Notable Species

  • Philanthus triangulum : Also known as the European beewolf, known for hunting honeybees
  • Sphecius speciosus : Known as the eastern cicada killer, preys on cicadas

Conservation

Significance to Humans

  • Play a role in controlling pest populations
  • Some species are also pollinators
  • Generally non-aggressive and pose little threat to humans

Fun Facts

  • Some Crabronidae species have incredibly specific prey preferences.
  • Female wasps exhibit impressive excavation skills, constructing elaborate underground nests.
  • Certain species are known to mimic the appearance and behavior of bees.
  • Will often reuse abandoned nests or burrows created by other animals.
  • They have been observed using tools, such as pebbles, to tamp down soil over their nests.