Conopidae

Common Name

Thick-headed Flies

Overview

Conopidae, commonly known as thick-headed flies, is a family of flies frequently found in Europe, North America, and other temperate regions. These flies are known for their parasitic behavior, primarily targeting bees and wasps.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Thickened heads and neck regions
  • Often mimic the appearance of wasps and bees
  • Various coloration, often bright and patterned
  • Long proboscis adapted for feeding on nectar

Life Cycle

Behavior and Ecology

  • Adult Conopidae are frequently found on flowers, feeding on nectar
  • They use their long proboscis to access nectar deep within flowers
  • Larvae parasitize solitary bees and wasps, leading to the eventual death of the host
  • Often employed in biological control due to their parasitic nature

Notable Species

  • Physocephala tibialis : Common in North America
  • Myopa dorsalis : Found throughout Europe
  • Sicus ferrugineus : Recognizable by its bright reddish-brown coloration

Conservation

  • Not generally considered endangered or at-risk
  • Habitat loss and pesticide use can impact populations
  • Some species are studied for their role in controlling bee and wasp populations

Significance to Humans

  • Generally beneficial due to their role in controlling pest populations
  • May occasionally affect pollinator populations by parasitizing bees

Fun Facts

  • Mimicry : Some species mimic the appearance of their host insects to avoid predation.
  • Proboscis : Their long feeding appendage is highly specialized for accessing deep floral nectaries.
  • Larval Stage : The larvae’s parasitic lifestyle is often hidden within the host, making it a covert way of life.
  • Ecological Role : They help manage populations of bees and wasps, balancing ecosystems.
  • Geographical Spread : Found nearly worldwide, favoring temperate climates.