Colletidae
Common Name
Plasterer Bees or Polyester Bees
Overview
Colletidae is a family of bees within the order Hymenoptera. This family contains numerous genera and species found across various continents. Commonly referred to as plasterer or polyester bees due to their unique nest-lining behaviors, they play significant roles in pollination.
Taxonomy
Key Characteristics
- Medium to small-sized bees with slender bodies.
- Often covered in fine, silky hairs.
- Possess a unique bifurcated (forked) tongue.
- Females have specialized glands for producing cellophane-like lining used in nesting.
Life Cycle
- Complete metamorphosis with four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
- Females typically prepare burrows in the ground or in wood where they lay eggs.
- Cells are lined with a polyester-like secretion to protect larvae.
Behavior and Ecology
- Solitary or communal nesting habits.
- Do not exhibit aggressive behavior and rarely sting.
- Known for their foraging and pollination activities.
- Some species specialize in particular plant families for nectar and pollen.
Notable Species
- Colletes inaequalis : Found in North America, noted for their early spring emergence.
- Hylaeus alcyoneus : A key pollinator of native Hawaiian flora.
Conservation
- Habitats are threatened by urban development, agricultural practices, and climate change.
- Conservation efforts include habitat preservation and planting native flora.
Significance to Humans
- Act as critical pollinators for both crops and wild plants.
- Their nesting behaviors and non-aggressive nature make them less of a nuisance compared to other bees.
Fun Facts
- Self-lining : Female Colletidae bees produce and use a saliva-like secretion to line their nests, creating a waterproof and microbial-resistant barrier.
- Silent Workers : Unlike honeybees, plasterer bees do not communicate by dancing; they work individually.
- Early Risers : Some species, like Colletes inaequalis, emerge early in the year, often while snow is still on the ground.
- Ancient Lineage : Colletidae is among the more primitive groups of bees, providing insights into bee evolution.
- Global Buzz : These bees are found on every continent except Antarctica, showcasing their adaptability.