Chelisochidae

Common Name

Earwigs

Overview

Chelisochidae is a family within the Dermaptera order, commonly known as earwigs. Members of this family are characterized by their elongated bodies, cerci (forceps-like appendages), and nocturnal behavior.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Body Structure: Elongated, flattened bodies typically ranging from 10 to 30 millimeters in length.
  • Cerci: Prominent forceps-like structures at the abdomen's rear, used for defense and catching prey.
  • Antennae: Filiform (thread-like) and typically consists of 10 to 15 segments.
  • Wings: Some species possess wings, although they are seldom used for flight.

Life Cycle

The life cycle includes the egg, nymph, and adult stages. Nymphs resemble adults but are smaller and lack fully developed wings and cerci. Earwigs undergo incomplete metamorphosis, meaning they molt several times before reaching maturity.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Nocturnal: Most species are active at night.
  • Habitats: Found in various environments, including leaf litter, under stones, and in bark crevices.
  • Diet: Omnivorous, feeding on plant material, small insects, and organic debris.

Notable Species

  • Chelisoches morio: One of the most widespread species, often found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is known for its dark, shiny appearance and considerable size.
  • Anechura harmandi: A species found in parts of Asia, known for its distinctive cerci and wing morphology.

Conservation

Currently, there are no widespread conservation concerns specific to Chelisochidae. They are generally adaptable and thrive in various habitats.

Significance to Humans

Chelisochidae are beneficial as they help in controlling pest populations. However, their presence in gardens can sometimes be perceived as a nuisance due to their plant-feeding habits.

Fun Facts

  • Parental Care: Some earwig species exhibit maternal care, protecting and cleaning their eggs until they hatch.
  • False Myths: Despite common myths, earwigs do not crawl into human ears to lay eggs.
  • Diverse Diet: Earwigs can turn cannibalistic in the absence of other food sources.
  • Chemical Defense: Certain species can release a foul-smelling liquid as a defense mechanism.