Anthelidae

Common Name

Australian Woolly Bear Moths

Overview

Anthelidae is a family of moths endemic to Australia, characterized by their fuzzy caterpillars and diverse adult forms. They are closely related to the family Lasiocampidae. This group of moths is primarily found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and heathlands.

Taxonomy

Key Characteristics

  • Medium to large-sized moths.
  • Adults vary in color, often featuring muted browns, grays, and whites.
  • Caterpillars are covered in dense, often colorful hairs, known as bristles.
  • Sexual dimorphism is common, with males usually being smaller and more agile flyers than females.

Life Cycle

  1. Egg: Females lay eggs on host plants.
  2. Larva (Caterpillar): Fuzzy, bristle-covered caterpillars that feed on host plants.
  3. Pupa: Pupation occurs in a cocoon, often anchored to a tree or hidden among leaf litter.
  4. Adult: Emerge to mate and lay eggs, completing the life cycle.

Behavior and Ecology

  • Caterpillars are primarily herbivorous, feeding on a range of host plants, including eucalyptus, acacia, and other native flora.
  • Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light.
  • Some species go through periods of dormancy (diapause) to survive unfavorable environmental conditions.

Notable Species

  • Anthela varia: Known as the Variable Anthelid, one of the more common species.
  • Anthela ocellata: Recognized by its distinct eye-spot markings on the wings.
  • Anthela denticulata: Features a unique dentate wing pattern.

Conservation

Most species within the Anthelidae family are not currently considered endangered. Their presence in diverse habitats provides resilience against environmental changes. However, habitat loss and climate change could pose future threats.

Significance to Humans

  • Generally, they are innocuous to humans.
  • Sometimes considered pests in agriculture due to the defoliation caused by larval feeding.

Fun Facts

  • Some caterpillars in this family can cause skin irritation if handled due to their bristles.
  • Females emit pheromones to attract males from several kilometers away.
  • The family name "Anthelidae" comes from the Greek word "anthos," meaning flower, referring to their often floral-like appearance in caterpillar form.