Anastostomatidae

Common Name

Wetapunga, King Crickets

Overview

Anastostomatidae, commonly known as wetapunga or king crickets, is a fascinating family of orthopteran insects primarily found in New Zealand and parts of Australia. The family is renowned for its large size, with some species among the heaviest and largest insects in the world.

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Family: Anastostomatidae

Key Characteristics

Large, robust bodies
Pronounced mandibles
Spiny legs adapted for burrowing and defense
Mostly nocturnal behavior
Lack of wings or extremely reduced wings in many species

Life Cycle

Egg: Laid in soil or plant matter
Nymph: Multiple molts before reaching adulthood
Adult: Reaches sizes up to 10 centimeters or more, lifespan varies by species

Behavior and Ecology

Nocturnal herbivores, some omnivorous tendencies
Solitary, except during mating
Use burrows or crevices for shelter during the day
Low metabolic rate, resulting in slower movements

Notable Species

Deinacrida heteracantha: Known as the Giant Weta, one of the largest insects by weight
Deinacrida fallai: The Little Barrier Island Giant Weta

Conservation

Many species are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators
Conservation efforts include habitat protection and captive breeding programs
Species like the Giant Weta are focal points for conservation due to their ecological significance and vulnerability

Significance to Humans

Cultural significance in the native mythology of New Zealand
Indicators of environmental health
Study subjects in evolutionary biology due to their size and unique adaptations

Fun Facts

Some species can weigh as much as a small bird.
King crickets are part of the wetapunga legends in Māori culture.
They can produce loud rasping sounds by rubbing their legs against their bodies.
Certain species have been observed eating small invertebrates, despite their primary herbivorous diet.
The largest wetas are often compared in size to a mouse.